Dyeing Process:
Dyeing is a method which imparts beauty to the textile by applying various colors and their shades on to a fabric. Dyeing can be done at any stage of the manufacturing of textile, such as fiber, yarn, fabric or a finished textile product including garments and apparels. In textile dyeing process, fiber and dyestuff-specific chemicals are used to achieve binding of dyestuff to the fiber. In this article I will discuss different stages of typical cotton dyeing process with recipe.
Typical Dyeing Process of Cotton Fabric with Recipe:
(Only Applicable for very light shade and White)
1. Demineralization:
Recipe:
| Chemicals | Amount | Dosing/Inject time and temp |
| Detergent and Wetting agent | 0.15 g/l | Inject at running temp |
| Sequestering agent | 0.3 g/l | |
| Anti-creasing (If required) | 1.0 g/l | |
| Acid | 0.15 g/l |
Procedure: Fill machine at 60oC temp. Then all auxiliaries inject. Run 60oC for 20 min and Drain.
2. Scouring and Bleaching:
Recipe:
| Chemicals | Amount | Dosing/Inject time and temp |
| Detergent and Wetting agent | 0.7 g/l | Inject at running temp |
| Sequestering agent | 0.5 g/l | |
| Anti-creasing (If required) | 0.5 g/l | |
| Stabilizer | 0.5 g/l | |
| Caustic | 2.0 g/l | Dosing 5 min at 60oC, dosing rate-0% |
| Per Oxide | 3.0 g/l | Dosing 10 min at 70oC, dosing rate-0% |
| Acid | 1.0 g/l | Dosing 05 min at 60oC, dosing rate-0% |
Procedure: Fill machine at 50oC. Inject all above auxiliaries. Then dose Caustic and Peroxide according to the above instruction. Raise temp 95oC and run 45 mins. Cooling at 78oC and drain.
Hot wash: Fill at 80oC. Raise temp 90oC and run 10 min. Then drain and rinse for 5 mins.
Acid: Fill at 60oC Dose acid for 5 mins. Run 15 min then check pH.
3. Enzyme:
Recipe:
| Chemicals | Amount | Dosing/Inject time and temp |
| Enzyme | 1.0 g/l | Inject |
| Acid (used for PH control) | 0.7 g/l |
Procedure: If pH within 4.8-5.0 then inject enzyme. Run 45mins at 55oC temp and then check fabric surface. If fabric surface OK then raise temp 70oC and run 10min. Then drain and rinse for 5 mins.
4. Dyeing:
Recipe:
| Chemicals | Amount | Dosing/Inject time and temp |
| Leveler | 1.0 g/l | Inject at running temp |
| Anti-creasing (If required) | 0.5 g/l | |
| Sequestering | 0.5 g/l | |
| Salt | * g/l | Inject |
| Color | * % | Dosing 20-40 mins, dosing rate-0% |
| Soda | * g/l | Dosing 20-40 mins, dosing rate-70% |
| Washing agent | 0.5-1.0 g/l | Inject |
| Acid | 0.5-1.0 g/l | Dosing 05 min at 40oC, dosing rate-0% |
Procedure: Fill machine at respective temperature
- Imcozin/Drimarine/Reactobond/Remazol-60oC
- Indofix/Reactive-50oC
- Turquise/Red-80oC
Inject auxiliaries and then inject salt. Check pH (pH should be 6.0-6.5). Dose color and run at same temp for 20-30mins. Then dose soda at 50oC-60oC (according to dyes properties). Then dyeing proceed.
After shade match drain the liquor and rinse for 5 mins.
Hot wash: Fill at 80oC. Raise temp 90oC and run 10 min with washing agent. Then drain and rinse for 5 mins.
Acid: Fill at room temp. Dose acid for 5 mins. Run 10 min at room temp. Then check shade and check pH (pH should be <5.0).
5. Aftertreatment:
Recipe:
| Chemicals | Amount | Dosing/Inject time and temp |
| Fixer | 0.5 g/l | Injection |
| Softener | 1.0-2.0 g/l | Dosing 05 min at 40oC, dosing rate-0% |
Procedure: Fill machine at room temp.
Fixing: Inject fixer and run 20 mins at 40oC and check fastness. If OK then drain.
Softening: Check pH (pH should be <5.0). Then dose softener run at room temp for 20- 30 mins and check softness. If Softness OK then unload Fabric.
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