Typical Dyeing Process of Cotton Fabric with Recipe

Dyeing Process:
Dyeing is a method which imparts beauty to the textile by applying various colors and their shades on to a fabric. Dyeing can be done at any stage of the manufacturing of textile, such as fiber, yarn, fabric or a finished textile product including garments and apparels. In textile dyeing process, fiber and dyestuff-specific chemicals are used to achieve binding of dyestuff to the fiber. In this article I will discuss different stages of typical cotton dyeing process with recipe.

Fig: Cotton dyeing process (Photo: Getty Images)

Typical Dyeing Process of Cotton Fabric with Recipe:
(Only Applicable for very light shade and White)

1. Demineralization:

Recipe:

Chemicals	Amount	Dosing/Inject time and temp
Detergent and Wetting agent	0.15 g/l	Inject at running temp
Sequestering agent	0.3 g/l
Anti-creasing (If required)	1.0 g/l
Acid	0.15 g/l

Procedure: Fill machine at 60^oC temp. Then all auxiliaries inject. Run 60^oC for 20 min and Drain.

2. Scouring and Bleaching:

Recipe:

Chemicals	Amount	Dosing/Inject time and temp
Detergent and Wetting agent	0.7 g/l	Inject at running temp
Sequestering agent	0.5 g/l
Anti-creasing (If required)	0.5 g/l
Stabilizer	0.5 g/l
Caustic	2.0 g/l	Dosing 5 min at 60^oC, dosing rate-0%
Per Oxide	3.0 g/l	Dosing 10 min at 70^oC, dosing rate-0%
Acid	1.0 g/l	Dosing 05 min at 60^oC, dosing rate-0%

Procedure: Fill machine at 50^oC. Inject all above auxiliaries. Then dose Caustic and Peroxide according to the above instruction. Raise temp 95^oC and run 45 mins. Cooling at 78^oC and drain.

Hot wash: Fill at 80^oC. Raise temp 90^oC and run 10 min. Then drain and rinse for 5 mins.

Acid: Fill at 60^oC Dose acid for 5 mins. Run 15 min then check pH.

3. Enzyme:

Recipe:

Chemicals	Amount	Dosing/Inject time and temp
Enzyme	1.0 g/l	Inject
Acid (used for PH control)	0.7 g/l

Procedure: If pH within 4.8-5.0 then inject enzyme. Run 45mins at 55^oC temp and then check fabric surface. If fabric surface OK then raise temp 70^oC and run 10min. Then drain and rinse for 5 mins.

4. Dyeing:

Recipe:

Chemicals	Amount	Dosing/Inject time and temp
Leveler	1.0 g/l	Inject at running temp
Anti-creasing (If required)	0.5 g/l
Sequestering	0.5 g/l
Salt	* g/l	Inject
Color	* %	Dosing 20-40 mins, dosing rate-0%
Soda	* g/l	Dosing 20-40 mins, dosing rate-70%
Washing agent	0.5-1.0 g/l	Inject
Acid	0.5-1.0 g/l	Dosing 05 min at 40^oC, dosing rate-0%

Procedure: Fill machine at respective temperature

Imcozin/Drimarine/Reactobond/Remazol-60^oC
Indofix/Reactive-50^oC
Turquise/Red-80^oC

Inject auxiliaries and then inject salt. Check pH (pH should be 6.0-6.5). Dose color and run at same temp for 20-30mins. Then dose soda at 50^oC-60^oC (according to dyes properties). Then dyeing proceed.

After shade match drain the liquor and rinse for 5 mins.

Hot wash: Fill at 80^oC. Raise temp 90^oC and run 10 min with washing agent. Then drain and rinse for 5 mins.

Acid: Fill at room temp. Dose acid for 5 mins. Run 10 min at room temp. Then check shade and check pH (pH should be <5.0).

5. Aftertreatment:

Recipe:

Chemicals	Amount	Dosing/Inject time and temp
Fixer	0.5 g/l	Injection
Softener	1.0-2.0 g/l	Dosing 05 min at 40^oC, dosing rate-0%

Procedure: Fill machine at room temp.

Fixing: Inject fixer and run 20 mins at 40^oC and check fastness. If OK then drain.

Softening: Check pH (pH should be <5.0). Then dose softener run at room temp for 20- 30 mins and check softness. If Softness OK then unload Fabric.

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